Table 4.

Relationship between presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and clinical cardiac events in HCM

Study	Number of patients	% of study population with LGE	Event Rate Positive LGE versus Negative LGE groups	Hazard ratio (HR) or relative risk (RR)	Primary endpoint
O'Hanlon et al. 2010 [73].	217	63	24.5% LGE+ vs. 9.9% LGE- had primary endpoint	HR 3.4 [1.4-8.1]	Cardiovascular death, unplanned cardiovascular admission, sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge
Rubinshtein et al. 2010[111].	424	56	3.3% of LGE+ patients had SCD/ICD	n/a	Sudden cardiac death and appropriate implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharge
Bruder et al. 2010 [118]	220	67.2	94% LGE+ vs. 66% LGE- had primary endpoint	HR 8.0 [1.0-61.9]	Sudden cardiac death and appropriate implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharge.
Adabag et al. 2008 [70]	177	40.6	28% LGE+ vs. 4% LGE- w/NSVT	RR 7.3 [2.6-20.4]	Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) by Holter monitor
Paya et al. 2008 [113]	120	69	38% LGE+ vs. 8% LGE- had NSVT (p < 0.05)	not indicated	Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) by Holter monitor
Suk et al. 2008 [119]	25	64	88% LGE+ vs. 53% LGE- had VT (p < 0.05)	not indicated	Ventricular tachycardia by Holter or resting ECG

HF: Heart failure

ICD: intra-cardiac defibrillator.

NSVT: Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia

OR: Odds ratio.

PVCs: Premature ventricular contractions

VT: Ventricular tachycardia