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. 2012 Mar 21;7(3):e33089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033089

Figure 2. Perturbation techniques used and its effect on global movement of nuclei inside the embryo.

Figure 2

(A) Schematic of perturbation technique used: Tissue level ablation at the dorsal side using 835 nm NIR (near infra red) multiphoton laser and application of external force (1.5 amp for 1.7 min) using a magnetic tweezers on embryo injected with 100 nm paramagnetic beads. (B) Time lapse images of GB front position post application of external force during GBE. Scalebar = 50 µm. 0 min' corresponds to start of GBE at the dorsal side. (C) Time lapse images of GB front position post application of external force post 2/3rd extension of GB respectively. Scalebar = 100 µm. 0 min corresponds to time just before when GBR starts. White arrows in (B) and (C) indicate the position of GB front at times indicated on each image (D) Quantification of GBE, post ablation of a group of cells (15–20) at 1/3rd 2/3rd egg length and control embryo. (E) and (F) Comparison of GBE and GBR with the control embryos when force of applied during GBE (a typical plot) and post 2/3rd extension of GB respectively (black arrows indicate times at which force is applied). N≥3. Error bars are standard deviations.