Table 4. Patient characteristics associated with risk for MDR TB, Swaziland, 2009–2010*.
| Variable | No. positive/no. tested (%) | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p value | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| M | 46/309 (14.9) | Ref | Ref | |||
| F | 76/324 (23.5) | 1.58 (1.13–2.19) | 0.007 | 1.30 (0.92–1.82) | 0.139 | |
| Age, y† | ||||||
| >40 | 21/156 (13.5) | Ref | Ref | |||
| 32–40 | 41/182 (22.5) | 1.67 (1.03–2.71) | 0.036 | 1. 43 (0.90–2.28) | 0.132 | |
| 27–31 | 27/136 (19.9) | 1.47 (0.88–2.49) | 0.145 | 1.34 (0.81–2.23) | 0.253 | |
| 15–26 | 32/158 (20.3) | 1.50 (0.91–2.49) | 0.112 | 1.61 (0.98–2.65) | 0.058 | |
| Region of residence | ||||||
| Shiselweni | 26/147 (17.7) | Ref | ||||
| Manzini | 30/169 (17.8) | 1.00 (0.62–1.62) | 0.988 | |||
| HhoHho | 27/168 (16.1) | 0.91 (0.56–1.48) | 0.702 | |||
| Lubombo | 39/148 (26.4) | 1.49 (0.96–2.31) | 0.076 | |||
| Education | ||||||
| None | 20/139 (14.4) | Ref | ||||
| Primary school | 45/208 (21.6) | 1.50 (0.93–2.43) | 0.097 | |||
| Secondary school | 31/166 (18.7) | 1.30 (0.78–2.17) | 0.321 | |||
| High school | 17/89 (19.1) | 1.33 (0.74–2.39) | 0.346 | |||
| Tertiary | 5/20 (25.0) | 1.74 (0.73–4.11) | 0.208 | |||
| Employment (permanent job) | ||||||
| No | 83/351 (19.1) | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 183/37 (20.2) | 1.06 (0.74–1.50) | 0.753 | |||
| HIV status | ||||||
| Negative | 12/114 (10.5) | Ref | Ref | |||
| Positive | 102/451 (22.6) | 2.15 (1.23–3.77) | 0.008 | 1.78 (1.02–3.10) | 0.043 | |
| TB patient type | ||||||
| New case-patient | 27/352 (7.7) | Ref | Ref | |||
| Previously treated case-patient | 95/281 (33.8) | 4.41 (2.96–6.56) | <0.001 | 4.25 (2.78–6.50) | <0.001 | |
*MDR, multidrug-resistant; TB, tuberculosis; PR, prevalence ratio; Ref, referent. †Age categorized into quartiles.