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. 2012 Mar 22;2:326. doi: 10.1038/srep00326

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Copyright © 2012, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

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Data give the cumulative proportion of surviving honeybees exposed to no treatment (), to N. ceranae () or fipronil () alone, or to a N. ceranae-fipronil combination (). Different sequential combinations of N. ceranae infection (arrows) and 7-day-long chronic exposure to fipronil (grey boxes) were performed: (a) both treatments were applied on emerging honeybees, (b) bees were chronically exposed to fipronil on week 1 then infected by N. ceranae, (c) bees were infected at their emergence then chronically exposed to fipronil on week 2, (d) both treatments were applied on 7-day-old bees. Data from three replicates of 50 honeybees were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method.

Inline graphic — Data give the cumulative proportion of surviving honeybees exposed to no treatment (), to N. ceranae () or fipronil () alone, or to a N. ceranae-fipronil combination (). Different sequential combinations of N. ceranae infection (arrows) and 7-day-long chronic exposure to fipronil (grey boxes) were performed: (a) both treatments were applied on emerging honeybees, (b) bees were chronically exposed to fipronil on week 1 then infected by N. ceranae, (c) bees were infected at their emergence then chronically exposed to fipronil on week 2, (d) both treatments were applied on 7-day-old bees. Data from three replicates of 50 honeybees were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method.