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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2011 Aug 30;131(1):201–210. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26348

Table 1.

Vegetable and fruit groups of interest.

Vegetable Groups
Carrots/yams Raw carrots, cooked carrots, yams/sweet potatoes
Cruciferous vegetables Broccoli; cabbage/coleslaw; Brussels sprouts; cauliflower; kale/mustard/chard greens
Green/leafy vegetables Cooked spinach; raw spinach; iceberg or head lettuce; romaine/leafy lettuce; celery
Legumes Tofu/soybeans; string beans; peas/lima beans; beans/lentils
Squash Yellow/winter squash, eggplant/zucchini
Tomatoes (fresh) Tomatoes, tomato juice
Tomato sauce Tomato sauce, pizza
Total vegetables All of the above plus red chili sauce, mixed vegetables, beets, alfalfa sprouts, and garlic
Fruit Groups
Apples/pears Fresh apples or pears, apple juice or cider
Berries Strawberries, blueberries
Citrus fruits Oranges, orange juice, grapefruit, grapefruit juice
Fruit juice Orange juice, grapefruit juice, apple juice or cider, other juice
Total fruits All of the fruit groups plus raisins or grapes, prunes, bananas, cantaloupe, watermelon, peaches/apricots/plums
Total fruit excluding juice Fresh apples or pears, strawberries, blueberries, oranges, grapefruit, raisins or grapes, prunes, bananas, cantaloupe, watermelon, peaches/apricots/plums