Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of 1,560 men with prostate cancer by total vegetable intake after diagnosis.

Quartile of total vegetable intake1		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
Median servings/d		1.4		2.4		3.6		5.7
Characteristic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	p-value2
Age at Diagnosis	<60 y	88	23	102	26	109	28	117	30	0.23
	60–69.9 y	184	47	183	47	175	45	157	40
	≥70 y	117	30	106	27	106	27	116	30
Race	Other	5	1	4	1	8	2	9	2	0.37
	African American	7	2	11	3	8	2	15	4
	Caucasian	376	97	375	96	372	96	366	94
Education	Grade school	27	8	23	6	18	5	19	5	<0.01
	High school	176	49	143	40	138	38	132	36
	College	73	20	97	27	87	24	88	24
	Graduate school	84	23	98	27	118	33	128	35
Income	<$20,000	32	10	17	5	20	6	24	7	<0.01
	$20–75,000	218	65	210	63	196	58	179	53
	≥$75,000	86	26	109	32	120	36	132	39
BMI (kg/m2)	<25	102	26	103	26	90	23	126	32	0.06
	25–29.9	217	56	207	53	216	56	183	47
	≥30	67	17	79	20	83	21	81	21
Smoking	Current	31	8	24	6	15	4	24	6	0.44
	Former	202	52	206	54	213	55	207	54
	Never	152	39	155	40	157	41	155	40
Walking (quartile median MET-hr/wk)	Quartile 1 (1)	117	33	85	23	73	20	75	21	<.01
	Quartile 2 (4)	88	25	110	30	95	26	86	24
	Quartile 3 (10)	92	26	99	27	110	30	102	28
	Quartile 4 (26)	62	17	74	20	91	25	102	28
PSA at diagnosis (ng/ml)	≤10 ng/ml	312	83	317	84	327	86	323	86	0.19
	10.1–20 ng/ml	50	13	47	13	46	12	34	9
	>20 ng/ml	14	4	12	3	7	2	18	5
Biopsy Gleason sum	2–6	266	69	273	71	276	71	270	70	0.99
	7	97	25	89	23	94	24	91	24
	8–10	21	5	21	5	19	5	22	6
Clinical T-stage	T1	194	50	219	56	211	54	220	56	0.61
	T2	191	49	169	43	176	45	166	43
	T3a	4	1	3	1	3	1	4	1
Treatment	Prostatectomy	228	59	261	67	247	63	230	59	0.13
	Radiation	106	27	94	24	85	22	102	26
	Other	36	9	19	5	34	9	33	8
	Hormones	19	5	17	4	24	6	25	6

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; PSA, prostate specific antigen.

¹Total vegetables included: tofu/soybeans, string beans, peas/lima beans, beans/lentils, raw carrots, cooked carrots, yams/sweet potatoes, broccoli, cabbage/coleslaw, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale/mustard/chard greens, cooked spinach, raw spinach, iceberg or head lettuce, romaine or leafy lettuce, celery, yellow/winter squash, eggplant/zucchini, tomato sauce, pizza, fresh tomatoes, tomato juice, red chili sauce, mixed vegetables, beets, alfalfa sprouts, and garlic.

²P-values estimated using a Pearson chi-square test.