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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 22.
Published in final edited form as: J AAPOS. 2010 Dec;14(6):494–497. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.10.004

Table 3.

Clinical characteristics by cause of amblyopia for amblyopic children <3 years of age, and characteristics previously reported for 3- to 6-year-olds1

Amblyopic children <3 years Pairwise comparisons* PEDIG 3- to 6-year-olds1 Pairwise comparisons**
S A C S vs A S vs C A vs C S A C S vs S A vs A C vs C
Age at diagnosis of amblyogenic factor (years, mean ± SD) 0.7 ± 0.6 1.1 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.7 0.02 0.0003 0.93 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Near deviation (PD ± SD) 40.7 ± 5.9 ortho 34.8 ± 16.9 --- 0.05 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Distance deviation (PD ± SD) 38.1 ± 17.6 ortho 29.2 ± 11.1 --- 0.02 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Age at diagnosis of amblyopia (years, mean ± SD) 0.9 ± 0.6 1.3 ± 0.7 1.2 ± 0.7 0.04 0.03 0.67 5.1 ± 1.2 5.4 ± 1.0 5.2 ± 1.0 --- --- ---
Months before diagnosis of amblyopia (mean ± SD) 2.1 ± 3.9 2.6 ± 3.4 0.4 ± 1.0 0.67 0.014 0.002 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Fixation Preference (%)
 Poor or Fair fixation 18 50 40 --- --- --- --- --- ---
 Not maintained 82 50 60 0.02 0.008 0.74 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amblyopic eye spherical equivalent (D ± SD) 2.62 ± 2.08 0.95 ± 6.27 3.43 ± 4.42 0.02 0.09 0.15 4.38±2.17 4.78 ± 1.94 4.21 + 2.33 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0004
Fellow eye spherical equivalent (D ± SD) 2.59 ± 2.05 0.94±2.11 3.05 ± 1.76 0.007 0.23 0.002 2.88 ± 2.08 2.80 ± 2.08 2.58+2.03 <0.0001 0.05 1.00
Anisometropia spherical equivalent (D ± SD) 0.16 ± 0.24 4.89 ± 2.61 2.24 ± 2.28 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.004 1.53 ± 1.48 2.01 ± 1.74 1.68 ± 1.61 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.79

S, strabismic; A, anisometropic; C, combined; PD, prism diopters; ortho, orthotropic; D, diopters.

*

Pairwise comparisons among strabismic (S), anisometropic (A), and combined mechanism (C) amblyopia groups in the present study. Pairwise comparisons with p < 0.017 are statistically significant using the Bonferoni correction for multiple pairwise comparisons (shown in bold).

**

Pairwise comparisons between <3-year-old amblyopic children in this study and 3- to 6-year-old children from the PEDIG study1 for strabismic (S), anisometropic (A), and combined mechanism (C) amblyopia groups. Pairwise comparisons with p < 0.017 are statistically significant using the Bonferoni correction for multiple pairwise comparisons (shown in bold).