Table 4. Infection-related signs and symptoms during human bocavirus 1 primary seroconversions and secondary responses compared with the previous and subsequent sampling interval, Finland*.
| Sign or symptom | Primary immune response, n = 101 |
Secondary immune response, n = 43 |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval,† no. (%) | Previous interval‡ |
Next interval§ |
Interval,¶ no. (%) | Previous interval# |
Next interval** |
||||||||
| No. (%) | p value | No. (%) | p value | No. (%) | p value | No. (%) | p value | ||||||
| URTI | 61 (60.4) | 34 (33.7) | 0.0002 | 36 (35.6) | 0.0002 | 24 (55.8) | 21 (48.8) | 0.53 | 23 (53.5) | 1 | |||
| LRTI | 5 (4.9) | 2 (2.0) | 0.45 | 0 | – | 1 (2.3) | 3 (7.0) | 0.62 | 2 (4.6) | 1 | |||
| URTI or LRTI | 62 (61.4) | 36 (35.6) | 0.0003 | 36 (35.6) | <0.0001 | 24 (55.8) | 22 (51.2) | 0.83 | 23 (53.5) | 1 | |||
| Fever without RTI | 14 (13.9) | 9 (8.9) | 0.30 | 10 (9.9) | 0.54 | 7 (16.3) | 3 (7.0) | 0.22 | 3 (7.0) | 0.34 | |||
| Acute otitis media | 47 (46.5) | 33 (32.7) | 0.024 | 31 (30.7) | 0.026 | 12 (27.9) | 8 (18.6) | 0.45 | 5 (11.6) | 0.06 | |||
| Acute tonsillitis | 0 | 1 (1.0) | – | 1 (1.0) | – | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.3) | 1 | 0 | – | |||
| Acute conjunctivitis | 5 (4.9) | 3 (3.0) | 0.72 | 8 (7.9) | 0.51 | 1 (2.3) | 5 (11.6) | 0.12 | 2 (4.6) | 1 | |||
| Acute sinusitis | 2 (2.0) | 0 | – | 1 (1.0) | 1 | 2 (4.6) | 3 (7.0) | 1 | 2 (4.6) | – | |||
| Gastroenteritis | 23 (22.8) | 19 (18.8) | 0.62 | 16 (15.8) | 0.30 | 9 (20.9) | 8 (18.6) | 1 | 10 (23.3) | 1 | |||
| Exanthema, fever | 8 (7.9) | 4 (4.0) | 0.34 | 0 | – | 0 | 1 (2.3) | – | 0 | – | |||
| Other | 8 (7.9) | 3 (3.0) | 0.23 | 6 (5.9) | 0.79 | 4 (9.3) | 2 (4.6) | 0.62 | 3 (7.0) | 1 | |||
| Totals | 91 (90.1) | 74 (73.3) | 0.003 | 71 (70.3) | 0.0003 | 35 (81.4) | 30 (69.8) | 0.27 | 32 (74.4) | 0.58 | |||
*URTI, upper respiratory tract illness; LRTI, lower respiratory tract illness; RTI, respiratory tract infection; –, could not be calculated. Boldface indicates statistical significance by Liddell exact test (<0.05). †Length of intervals, d: mean 155, median 166, range 75–361; mean age 2.3 y, median age 2.1 y. ‡Length of intervals, d: mean 139, median 130, range 73–358. §Length of intervals, d: mean 155, median 169, range 61–615. ¶Length of intervals, d: mean 188, median 176, range 78–537, mean age 4.8 y, median 4.8 y. #Length of intervals, d: mean 181, median 182, range 61–415. **Length of intervals, d: mean 183, median 176, range 88–408. One child was omitted because of lack of clinical information for 1 interval.