Fig. 8.

Distribution and likely evolution of selected floral characters in core Ericales. Phylogenetic relationships largely based on Schönenberger et al. (2005); sister group relationship of Actinidia and Saurauia based on Keller et al. (1996); early diverging lineages of Ericaceae include Enkianthoideae and Monotropoideae (sensu Stevens et al., 2004). Character coding of extant taxa based on primary literature and family descriptions in Kubitzki (2004b) mentioned in the Discussion. Black rectangles indicate character state changes: (1) from introrse to extrorse anther orientation in bud; (1a) reversal to introrse anther orientation; (2) from non-inverting anthers to ‘late anther inversion type A’; (2a) from ‘late anther inversion type A’ to early anther inversion; (2b) reversal to non-inverting anthers; (2c) from ‘late anther inversion type A’ to ‘late anther inversion type B’; (3) from dorsal to ventral anther attachment; (3a) from ventral to basal anther attachment; (4) from polystemony to diplostemony; (4a) from polystemony to haplostemony in Roridulaceae and from diplostemony to haplostemony in Cyrillaceae; (5) from non-pendant to pendant placentae; (6) from non-protruding-diffuse to protruding-diffuse placentae; (7) from symplicate to asymplicate styles.