Fig. 8.

Reconstruction of the divergence of the liverwort (L), moss (M), hornwort (H) and polysporangiophyte (P) lineages from a common ancestor (A) represented as a dichotomously branched, leafless gametophyte with rhizoid-producing horizontal axes and erect photosynthetic axes bearing simple terminal sporophytes. Mosses, hornworts and polysporangiophytes (M, H and P) form the stomatophyte clade. Splitting of mature sporangia is shown in (A) and (H). The gametophyte generation has been omitted for the polysporangiophyte lineage (P). Black dots on sporophytes in M, H and P are stomata. Cladogram based on Qiu et al. (2006).