Table 1.

Hydrophyte growth forms according to Wiegleb (1991)

Growth form	Characteristics
Batrachiden	Anchored plants with both floating and submerged leaves that are entire or compound.
Ceratophylliden	Free-floating plants with submerged finely divided leaves.
Elodeiden	Anchored submerged plants with whorls of small, undivided leaves.
Herbiden	Anchored herbaceous plants similar in phenotype to terrestrial herbs.
Hydrochariden	Free-floating plants with large leaves.
Isoetiden	Anchored plants with basal buds and stiff, narrow leaves.
Lemniden	Floating plants composed mainly of small leaves.
Nymphaeiden	Anchored plants with floating leaves attached to a submerged rhizome by an elongate petiole.
Magnopotamiden	Anchored submerged plants with large, entire leaves.
Myriophylliden	Anchored submerged plants with long stems and finely divided leaves.
Parvopotamiden	Anchored submerged plants with small, entire leaves and sympodial shoots.
Pepliden	Anchored plants with elongated or spathulate leaves forming a terminal rosette adapted for emergence into the atmosphere.
Riccielliden	Free-floating but submersed plants with small, entire leaves.
Stratiotiden	Free-floating plants with emerging leaves.
Vallisneriden	Anchored plants with long, floating basal leaves.