Figure 1. Mouse survival curves after carbon nanomaterial injection.
(A) TEM analysis of carbon nanocapsules (CNCs), C60 fullerene (C60), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed in 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). SWCNTs formed large networks, and MWCNTs aggregated compactly. CNCs were well dispersed in PVA, while C60 aggregated to size as large as CNCs. The scale bar is 100nm. (B) Cumulative deaths of mice intravenously injected with different doses of carbon nanomaterials. SWCNTs and MWCNTs had the highest toxicity, which was dose dependent, decreasing as the dose of the carbon nanomaterials decreased. No mortality was observed among the CNC-treated mice at 25 μg/g b.w. n = 12 for CNC, and C60 injected mice. n = 11 for NS, PVA, MWCNT, and SWCNT injected mice. Red square, 50 μg/g; black dot, 25 μg/g; black cross, 12.5 μg/g.