Table 1. Panendothelial Angiogenesis Markers.
| Endothelial marker | Laboratory and clinical qualities |
|---|---|
| CD31 | - commonly used |
| - cross-reacts with plasma cells | |
| - frequent antigen loss occurs due to fixatives containing acetic acid | |
| - infiltrates sometimes obscure microvessels, especially single cell sprouts | |
| CD34 | - the most reproducible endothelial cell highlighter |
| - highlight perivascular stromal cells | |
| CD105 | - proliferation-associated and hypoxia-inducible protein |
| - preferentially expressed in the activated endothelial cells participating in neoangiogenesis | |
| - undetectable or weakly expressed in vessels of normal tissues | |
| Tie-2/Tek | - endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase |
| - identifies stromal vessels | |
| E-9 | - protein specific for activated/proliferating endothelial cells |