Table 1.
Ionic currents investigated in this study, drugs targeting them, and modulation of atrial electrophysiological properties
| Ionic Current and Drug | References | Important Effects |
|---|---|---|
| INaK | ||
| Amiodarone | 26, 30 | APD90, Ss1s2, Sdyn, RP, DF |
| Strophantidin | 40 | |
| Digitalis | 43 | |
| Digoxin | 55 | |
| Ouabain | 72 | |
| IK1 | ||
| Adenosine | 3 | APD90, RMP, Ss1s2, Sdyn, RP, CV, DF |
| INa | ||
| Ranolazine | 8 | RP (AFER), CV, DF |
| Flecainide | 8 | |
| Propafenone | 8 | |
| Lidocaine | 15 | |
| Pilsicainide | 33 | |
| Tetrodotoxin | 39 | |
| IKur, Ito | ||
| AVE118 | 5 | APD90, RP, Ss1, s2, Sdyn |
| ICaL | ||
| Verapamil | 64 | APD90, RP, Ss1s2 |
| IKr, IKs | ||
| Sotalol | 19 | - |
| Dofetilide | 19 |
INaK, Na+/K+ pump current; IK1, inward rectifier potassium current; INa, Na+ current; IKur, ultrarapid delayed potassium current; Ito, transient outward current; ICaL, L-type calcium current; IKr, rapid delayed rectifier potassium current; IKs, slow delayed rectifier potassium current; APD90, action potential duration at 90% repolarization; Ss1s2 and Sdyn, maximal values of the slopes of the S1S2 and dynamic action potential duration at 90% repolarization; RP, refractory period; RMP, resting membrane potential; CV, conduction velocity; DF, dominant frequency; AFER, atrial fibrillation-related electrical remodeling.