In HMCs, native IgA upregulated the total (A) and high molecular weight (HMW) (B) adiponectin release to the supernatant in a dose- (A, B) and time-dependent manner (C). Native IgA also increased the total and HMW adiponectin concentration in cell lysates in a dose-dependent manner (D, E). HMCs were cultured with different concentrations of native or deSial/deGal IgA1 (0, 6, 12.5, 25 or 50 µg/ml) for 48 h. For the time course study, HMCs were cultured with 25 µg/ml of native or deSial/deGal IgA1 for 0, 1, 6, 24 or 48 h. The concentrations of adiponectin were expressed as the means ± SE. Open diamonds, native IgA; closed circles, deSial/deGal IgA1. *P = 0.05 vs. medium control; #P = 0.01, native IgA vs. deSial/deGal IgA1.