Skip to main content
. 2011 Nov 30;107(5):1489–1499. doi: 10.1152/jn.00827.2011

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

NO functions as an excitatory transmitter in the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) in vitro and in vivo. A: traces of blood pressure (BP) and integrated (∫) diaphragm and genioglossus (GG) electromyogram (EMG) activity show that microperfusion of DEA (10 mM) into the HMN of an anesthetized adult rat doubled respiratory-related GG activity with no change in other parameters of interest. AU, arbitrary units. B: summary of in vivo data (n = 9) showing effects of 10 and 100 mM DEA on GG and diaphragm EMG activity, BP, and respiratory rate. C: slice-patch recording of membrane potential shows that DEA (20 μM) reversibly depolarized membrane potential ∼8 mV. D: summary of in vitro data (n = 7) showing DEA-induced depolarization. con, Control. *P < 0.05. E: steady-state frequency-current relationships under control conditions and in the presence of DEA show that DEA increased the firing rate response to depolarizing current injections greater than +190 pA. *P < 0.05.