Table 3.
Overview of study results showing the number of outcomes and the direction and statistical significance of effect
| Author(s) | Study type (quality) | Time of follow-up | Injuries | Equipment use | Behaviour | Attitudes | Knowledge |
| Oral presentation | |||||||
| Frederick and Barlow17 | BA (−) | 2 months | 2↑ | ||||
| Frederick et al18 | CBA (+) | 5 months | 3↑↑ | 1↓ | |||
| Tenn & Dewis19 | CBA (−) | 4 months | 1↑ | 1↓ | |||
| Heck et al20 | BA (−) | 1 week | 1↑* | ||||
| Morrongiello and Mark21 | cRCT (+) | 1 month | 3↑↑ | ||||
| Azeredo and Stephens-Stidham22 | CBA (−) | 2 weeks | 3↑↑ | 1↑↑ | 4↑↑ | ||
| Greene et al23 | CBA (−) | 1 week | 7↑ | ||||
| Asher et al24 | RCT (+) | Immediate | |||||
| Moran and Stanley25 | BA (−) | Immediate | 1↑↑ | ||||
| Oral presentation+promotional materials | |||||||
| Terzidis et al26 | CBA (+) | 1 month | 3↑ | ||||
| Oral presentation+activities | |||||||
| Richards et al27 | CBA (−) | 1 week | 4↑ | ||||
| Kendrick et al28 | cRCT (++) | 4 months | 1↓ | ||||
| McCallum et al29 | BA (−) | 3 months | 2↑↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
| Oral presentation+safety village | |||||||
| Gielen et al30 | BA (+) | Immediate |
|
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| |||||||
| Oral presentation+video | |||||||
| Wehner and Sutton31 | BA (−) | 6 weeks | 1↑ | 3↑ | |||
| Wesner32 | CBA (+) | 2 weeks | 2↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
| Video | |||||||
| Mayer et al33 | RCT (++) | 1 months | 1↑ | ||||
| Morrongiello and Matheis34 | cRCT (+) | 2 months | 4↑↑ | ||||
| Health fair+mass media | |||||||
| Forjuoh et al35 | BA (−) | At the end of 2-year intervention | |||||
| Health fair | |||||||
| Solis36 | BA (−) | Immediate | 3↑↑ | ||||
| Mass media | |||||||
| Bennett et al37 | BA (+) | At the end of 3-year intervention | 1↑↑ | 1↑↑ | |||
| Treser et al38 | BA (−) | At the end of 3-year intervention | 1↑* | ||||
| D'Argenio et al39 | BA (−) | Immediate | 1↑ | ||||
The number of outcomes reported by a study (or the summary effect size where this was possible to calculate) is specified before the strength and direction of effect; for example 2↑ indicates that two statistically non-significant effects in the desired direction were reported. Statistical significance is defined as a (Pooled) OR where the 95% CI does not include 1, or p<0.05. All outcomes were self-reported unless otherwise indicated.
Observed outcomes.
Statistically significant effect in the desired direction.
Statistically non-significant effect, but in the desired direction.
Statistically non-significant effect, but in the opposite direction to that desired.
BA, before and after study (with no control group); CBA, controlled before and after study; cRCT, cluster RCT; RCT, randomised controlled trial.