FIG 1 .

AnxA5 binding to bacteria. (A) Measurements of AnxA5 binding to Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Bacteria were incubated with OG-AnxA5 in HBS containing 5 mM CaCl₂. The bound AnxA5 was dissociated from bacteria with EDTA and measured. The Gram-negative bacteria had markedly higher levels of bound AnxA5 than the Gram-positive bacteria (mean fluorescence intensity ± standard deviation, 114.9 ± 7.9 versus 7.7 ± 1.9). (B) Fluorescence microscopic confirmation of OG-AnxA5 binding to Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria incubated with OG-AnxA5 were stained strongly with Oregon Green (a, c, and e); bacteria that were pretreated with antibody against the lipid A core of LPS prior to incubation with OG-AnxA5 had markedly reduced Oregon Green staining (b, d, and f) (×1,000 magnification under oil immersion).