Table 4.
Training groups | Combined training |
Cognitive training |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pretraining | Posttraining | Pretraining | Posttraining | |
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
Switching tasks | ||||
Food/size MC (error) | 3.9 (4.2) | 4.5 (5.7) | 3.0 (5.2) | 5.1 (8.6) |
Food/size SC (error) | 3.0 (5.1) | 3.1 (7.1) | 4.7 (4.6) | 4.7 (7.4) |
Number MC (error) | 0.8 (11.3) | 4.4 (8.9) | 2.1 (6.5) | 2.3 (6.4) |
Number SC (error) | 2.6 (5.7) | 6.5 (8.7) | 5.0 (9.4) | 4.7 (9.2) |
Updating tasks | ||||
2-back accuracy (hits) | 69.0 (11.2) | 72.8 (16.2) | 70.5 (11.1) | 71.5 (12.4) |
Keep track accuracy | 59.8 (13.3) | 63.8 (17.0) | 62.5 (16.4) | 67.4 (15.7) |
Inhibition tasks | ||||
Flanker accuracy | 91.3 (10.8) | 93.7 (4.4) | 91.6 (6.1) | 90.6 (7.2) |
Stroop accuracy | 99.3 (1.1) | 99.8 (0.7) | 99.4 (0.8) | 99.7 (0.7) |
Speed tasks | ||||
Choice reaction accuracy | 94.5 (4.5) | 93.8 (4.3) | 92.2 (5.8) | 91.7 (7.7) |
Control groups | Exercise only | No-contact | ||
Switching tasks | ||||
Food/size MC (error) | 1.6 (5.0) | 1.3 (4.8) | 1.5 (4.4) | 2.6 (4.5) |
Food/size SC (error) | 4.6 (3.9) | 1.9 (6.9) | 3.4 (4.6) | 3.4 (5.5) |
Number MC (error) | 2.6 (4.8) | 3.8 (7.7) | 2.9 (5.9) | −0.4 (10.8) |
Number SC (error) | 1.2 (6.5) | 3.1 (7.6) | 4.3 (7.5) | 5.4 (6.1) |
Updating tasks | ||||
2-back accuracy (hits) | 66.2 (13.5) | 69.7 (15.9) | 67.0 (17.2) | 71.8 (15.4) |
Keep track accuracy | 62.2 (12.2) | 63.6 (15.5) | 63.1 (10.7) | 64.2 (16.) |
Inhibition tasks | ||||
Flanker accuracy | 89.4 (18.0) | 93.7 (4.6) | 93.6 (3.7) | 92.2 (5.5) |
Stroop accuracy | 99.4 (0.7) | 99.6 (0.8) | 99.4 (1.0) | 99.7 (0.6) |
Speed tasks | ||||
Choice reaction accuracy | 95.4 (2.9) | 95.8 (3.4) | 94.9 (2.6) | 95.0 (3.2) |
MC, mixing costs; SC, switching costs.