Table 4.

Microorganism-derived adjuvants.

Adjuvant name	Number of Vaccines	Mechanism	Route	Licensed
Cholera toxin	17	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
CpG DNA vaccine adjuvant	12	Immunostimulant	Either *	No
MPL adjuvant	10	Immunostimulant	Either	As part of AS04
Cholera toxin B subunit	6	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
LTR192G vaccine adjuvant	6	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
Bordetella pertussis component vaccine adjuvant	3	Immunostimulant	Parenteral	Yes
E. coli heat-labile toxin, LT	3	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
CTA1-DD gene fusion protein	2	Immunostimulant	Either	No
Etx B subunit adjuvant	2	Immunostimulant	Either	No
Killed Corynebacterium parvum vaccine adjuvant	2	Immunostimulant	Parenteral	No
Lipopolysaccharide vaccine adjuvant	2	Immunostimulant	Either	No
LTK63 vaccine mutant adjuvant	2	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
Corynebacterium-derived P40 vaccine adjuvant	1	Immunostimulant	Parenteral	No
Flagellin vaccine adjuvant	1	Immunostimulant	Either	No
LTK72 vaccine adjuvant	1	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
MPL-SE vaccine adjuvant	1	Immunostimulant	Parenteral	No
Non-toxic mutant E112K of Cholera Toxin mCT-E112K	1	Immunostimulant	Mucosal	No
Ty particles vaccine adjuvant	1	Vehicle	Parenteral	No

Note: *either means either mucosal or parenteral route.