Table 2.
Distribution and key functions of LP receptor subtypes
| Receptor | mRNA distribution | Key functions |
|---|---|---|
| LPA1 | Widely expressed, including in the CNS | Vasculogenesis/angiogenesis |
| Neural cell migration/function | ||
| Nerve conduction | ||
| LPA2 | Lymphocytes | Cell migration |
| Testis | ||
| LPA3 | Uterus | Embryo implantation |
| LPA4 | Ovary, thymus | Cell migration |
| LPA5 | Dorsal root ganglion, | Unknown |
| Thymus, spleen | ||
| LPA6 | Intestinal mucosa | Maintenance of human hair growth |
| Scalp hair follicles | ||
| Skin | ||
| S1P1 | Widely expressed (high expression on lymphocytes, neural cells, and vasculature) | Lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs |
| Neural cell migration/function | ||
| Embryonic development of cardiovascular and nervous systems | ||
| Blood vessel formation | ||
| Endothelial barrier function | ||
| S1P2 | Widely expressed | Vascular tone |
| Endothelial barrier function | ||
| Inner ear maintenance | ||
| affecting hearing and balance | ||
| Endothelial barrier function | ||
| Nerve conduction | ||
| S1P3 | Widely expressed, including the CNS (neural cells/astrocytes) and the endothelium | Endothelial barrier function |
| Neural cell migration/function | ||
| S1P4 | Lymphocytes | Unknown |
| S1P5 | Oligodendrocytes | Oligodendrocyte function |
| NK cells | Natural killer cell migration |