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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Med Robot. 2011 Nov 24;8(1):118–124. doi: 10.1002/rcs.449

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Expert (left) and trainee (right) endoscopic camera Cartesian trajectories during the manipulation task. Expert manipulate the field of view to keep the instruments visible at all times, while novices camera use is less structured. The points represent start of a camera motion.