Table 2.
Percent change in BPA and PFC concentrations by different SEP measuresa
| BPA (n = 4739) | PFOA (n = 3953) | PFOS (n = 3953) | PFNA (n = 3953) | PFHxS (n = 3953) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | % change (95% CI) | |
| Family income | |||||
| < $20,000 | 14.3 (6.2, 23.0) | -10.9 (-16.4, -5.0) | -12.8 (-17.7, -7.7) | -11.0 (-17.5, -4.0) | -9.7 (-16.8, -1.9) |
| ≥ $20,000 | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Family income | |||||
| $0-$19,999 | 22.8 (10.6, 36.4) | -15.9 (-22.5, -8.7) | -19.3 (-24.6, -13.8) | -17.8 (-26.5, -8.0) | -16.1 (-24.1, -7.3) |
| $20,000-$44,999 | 11.79 (2.1, 22.4) | -10.1 (-15.2, -4.6) | -11.6 (-17.1, -5.8) | -11.3 (-18.4, -3.5) | -11.0 (-19.4, -1.7) |
| $45,000-$74,999 | 6.9 (-3.0, 17.9) | -1.3 (-6.5, 4.2) | -5.4 (-11.8, 1.4) | -6.6 (-13.5, 0.8) | -5.3 (-15.1, 5.6) |
| $75,000 and over | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Poverty income ratio | |||||
| PIR < 1 | 27.0 (15.7, 39.3) | -21.2 (-26.2, -15.9) | -22.1 (-26.7, -17.2) | -16.9 (-24.0, -9.2) | -19.0 (-26.4, -11.0) |
| PIR 1-3 | 16.2 (7.8, 25.2) | -13.2 (-17.5, -8.7) | -11.0 (-15.4, -6.3) | -11.4 (-17.0, -5.5) | -13.7 (-22.3, -4.1) |
| PIR > 3 | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Adjusted family income | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 26.6 (14.9, 39.5) | -20.5 (-26.4, -14.0) | -21.6 (-26.3, -16.6) | -18.0 (-26.1, -8.9) | -18.4 (-25.6, -10.5) |
| Quartile 2 | 18.8 (6.7, 32.4) | -16.4 (-21.0, -11.4) | -16.4 (-21.5, -11.0) | -15.4 (-21.7, -8.6) | -17.1 (-26.1, -7.0) |
| Quartile 3 | 15.3 (6.2, 25.1) | -10.9 (-15.9, -5.7) | -10.4 (-15.6, -4.9) | -10.3 (-15.9, -4.4) | -12.1 (-20.2, -3.3) |
| Quartile 4 | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Food security status | |||||
| Very low | 19.6 (5.6, 35.5) | -4.1 (-14.0, 7.0) | -4.7 (-13.6, 5.1) | -5.1 (-17.0, 8.6) | -4.1 (-18.0, 12.3) |
| Low | 3.1 (-8.5, 16.1) | -9.3 (-15.5, -2.5) | -11.0 (-17.4, -4.0) | -8.7 (-14.3, -2.7) | -8.3 (-17.4, 1.9) |
| Marginal | 8.2 (-0.9, 18.2) | -4.2 (-9.6, 1.6) | -4.0 (-10.2, 2.6) | -4.5 (-14.0, 6.2) | -0.9 (-13.5, 13.6) |
| Full | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Emergency food | |||||
| Yes | 16.0 (2.4, 31.4) | -11.6 (-18.4, -4.2) | -14.2 (-21.0, -6.7) | -16.5 (-25.0, -7.1) | -6.5 (-17.4, 5.7) |
| No | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Educationb | |||||
| Less than high school | 6.8 (-7.2, 22.9) | -8.0 (-17.2, 2.1) | -6.5 (-15.1, 2.9) | -5.3 (-14.9, 5.4) | -8.1 (-19.4, 4.9) |
| High school grad/GED | 17.9 (3.2, 34.8) | -0.1 (-6.1, 6.3) | -6.3 (-13.5, 1.4) | -5.7 (-13.6, 3.0) | -9.1 (-16.8, -0.6) |
| Some college/AA degree | 16.9 (0.9, 35.4) | -1.1 (-7.9, 6.3) | -2.9 (-10.7, 5.7) | -8.1 (-16.4, 1.0) | -9.7 (-19.7, 1.5) |
| College grad or above | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
| Longest occupationb | |||||
| Never worked | 2.5 (-18.7, 29.1) | -8.1 (-22.5, 9.1) | -9.5 (-23.5, 7.2) | -24.2 (-36.9, -9.0) | 8.6 (-11.7, 33.5) |
| Blue collar, semi-routine | 6.1 (-6.5, 20.4) | 0 (-8.2, 8.9) | -4.5 (-15.1, 7.4) | -4.2 (-13.8, 6.4) | -0.7 (-9.3, 8.8) |
| Blue collar, high skill | 24.4 (4.7, 47.7) | -11.7 (-24.4, 3.0) | -5.6 (-19.5, 10.6) | -13.2 (-28.0, 4.7) | 1.0 (-16.4, 22.2) |
| White collar, semi-routine | 6.3 (-9.2, 24.4) | 3.8 (-7.7, 16.7) | 3.0 (-8.3, 15.7) | -5.0 (-15.4, 6.8) | 7.8 (-8.0, 26.3) |
| White collar & professional | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref |
a Models adjusted for NHANES cycle, age, gender, race/ethnicity, creatinine (BPA). Statistically significant results in bold
b Education models include those over age 20 (BPA n = 2765, PFC n = 2756), and occupation models those over age 16 and in the 2003-2004 NHANES cycle (BPA n = 1695, PFC n = 1638)