Table 2.
Hospital Admission Rates Per 1000 Person-Years, for All-Causes, by Principal Discharge Diagnosis Category, and by Ambulatory Care Sensitive (Potentially Preventable) Causes for Demented and Non-Demented Groups.
| Demented Crude Ratea (No.) | Non-Demented Crude Rate (No.) | Unadjusted Rate Ratio (95% CI) | Unadjusted P-value | Age/sex Adjusted Rate Ratiob (95% CI) | Age/sex Adjusted P-Value | Fully Adjusted Rate Ratioc (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All admits | 419 (714) | 200 (4614) | 2.10 (1.87 to 2.35) | .0001 | 1.57 (1.39 to 1.78) | .0001 | 1.41 (1.23 to 1.61) | <.0001 |
| Circulatory | 112 (190) | 58 (1345) | 1.92 (1.60 to 2.29) | .0001 | 1.58 (1.30 to 1.93) | .0001 | 1.42 (1.16 to 1.75) | .0008 |
| Digestive | 40 (68) | 23 (529) | 1.71 (1.28 to 2.28) | .0003 | 1.21 (0.90 to 1.67) | .20 | 1.17 (0.84 to 1.61) | .35 |
| Endocrine | 10 (17) | 4 (100) | 2.31 (1.37 to 3.88) | .002 | 1.56 (0.86 to 2.72) | .15 | 1.03 (0.54 to 1.96) | .92 |
| Genitourinary | 37 (63) | 9 (209) | 4.09 (2.87 to 5.81) | .0001 | 3.00 (1.92 to 4.60) | .0001 | 2.46 (1.55 to 3.92) | .0001 |
| Infections | 15 (25) | 4 (85) | 3.99 (2.48 to 6.42) | .0001 | 2.17 (1.30 to 3.61) | .003 | 2.01 (1.15 to 3.52) | .02 |
| Musculoskeletal | 7 (11) | 20 (468) | 0.32 (0.18 to 0.58) | .0002 | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.54) | .0001 | 0.31 (0.17 to 0.57) | .0002 |
| Nervous system | 11 (18) | 2 (54) | 4.52 (2.24 to 9.12) | .0001 | 3.19 (1.49 to 6.87) | .003 | 2.91 (1.18 to 7.18) | .02 |
| Respiratory | 66 (112) | 21 (486) | 3.12 (3.13 to 2.43) | .0001 | 2.03 (1.53 to 2.69) | .0001 | 1.65 (1.21 to 2.25) | .002 |
| Otherd | 123 (210) | 58 (1328) | 2.14 (1.80 to 2.56) | .0001 | 1.57 (1.30 to 1.90) | .0001 | 1.46 (1.19 to 1.79) | .0003 |
| All ACSC admitse | 116 (198) | 37 (845) | 3.18 (2.59 to 3.90) | .0001 | 2.19 (1.74 to 2.76) | 0.0001 | 1.78 (1.38 to 2.31) | <.0001 |
| Anginaf | 0 (0) | 2 (46) | 0.0 | .0001 | N/Ag | N/Ag | N/Ag | N/Ag |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 34 (57) | 10 (225) | 3.44 (2.48 to 4.75) | .0001 | 2.16 (1.47 to 3.13) | 0.0001 | 1.88 (1.25 to 2.82) | .002 |
| Cellulitis | 4 (6) | 3 (67) | 1.21 (0.39 to 3.80) | 0.74 | 1.03 (0.34 to 3.10) | 0.95 | 0.78 0.23 to 2.61) | .69 |
| CHF exacerbation | 33 (56) | 10 (233) | 3.26 (2.29 to 4.64) | .0001 | 2.10 (1.41 to 3.10) | 0.0003 | 1.73 (1.15 to 2.60) | .01 |
| COPD exacerbation | 7 (12) | 3 (76) | 2.14 (0.98 to 4.69) | .06 | 1.43 (0.62 to 5.91) | 0.40 | 1.15 (0.49 to 2.67) | .75 |
| Dehydration | 5 (8) | 1 (21) | 5.17 (2.26 to 11.81) | .0001 | 4.56 (1.51 to 13.89) | 0.007 | N/Ag | N/Ag |
| Duodenal ulcer | 5 (8) | 1 (15) | 7.23 (3.07 to 17.04) | .0001 | 4.30 (1.63 to 11.32) | 0.003 | 4.39 | .003 |
| Gastric ulcer | 4 (6) | 1 (32) | 2.54 (0.95 to 6.82) | .06 | 2.57 (0.77 to 8.25) | 0.12 | 2.42 (0.77 to 7.65) | .13 |
| UTI | 25 (42) | 3 (76) | 7.49 (4.94 to 11.37) | .0001 | 4.31 (2.53 to 7.28) | 0.0001 | 3.38 (1.93 to 5.93) | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: ACSC, ambulatory care sensitive conditions, or conditions for which hospitalization may be preventable with adequate outpatient care; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; UTI, urinary tract infection.
Admission rate shown as mean number of admissions per year per 1000 persons. Total years of follow-up (used in computation of rates): 23092 years for dementia free and 1703 for dementia group.
Adjusted for age (age modeled using linear and quadratic terms, 1 set of males and 1 set for females), gender, calendar year, and wave (i.e., original or expansion) 10 of ACT cohort.
Adjusted for age, gender, race, education, living alone (all assessed only at baseline), and time-varying variables, including calendar year of admit, self-rating of health, count of number of activities of daily living (ADL) performed with difficulty, and RxRisk (log transformed). Models for all admits and all ACSC admits adjusted for all of the preceding covariates plus cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.
“Other” category includes liver disorders, skin disorders, mental health and substance abuse disorders, blood disorders, reproductive organ disorders, neoplasms, ear, nose, mouth, and throat disorders, eye disorders, and injuries.
ACSC admits with ≤ 20 instances omitted from table: asthma, diabetes, ear/nose/throat infection, gastroenteritis, hypertension, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, influenza, malnutrition, peptic ulcer, and seizure disorder.
Adjusted analyses could not be run for angina due to 0 admits in the dementia group.
N/A = not applicable, because adjusted rate ratio and P-value from Poisson regression could not be computed due to too few admits.