Table 5.
Trends in serum biomarker alteration in three large studies.
| Biological function | Trend in OC | Biomarkers |
|---|---|---|
| Cytokines/chemokines | Elevated | IL-10†, IL-6†, TNF-α†, TNFR2†, 6Ckine, BCA-1, BLC/CXCL, CCL20/MIP3α, CD40, CXCL9/MIG, IL-1Rα, IL-11, IL-16, IL-1β, IL-21, IL-28A, IL-2R, IL-33, IL-7, IL-8, LIF, MIF, MIP-1δ, RANTES, sCD137/4, TNFR1 |
| Decreased | Eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, IL-18, macrophage-derived chemokine, XCL1/lymphotactin | |
| Growth/angiogenic factors | Elevated | IGFBP1†, angiopoietin-2, β2-microglobulin, β-cellulin, CTGF, bFGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, PDGF, VEGF |
| Decreased | EGFR‡, BDNF†, ErbB2†, IGFBP3, IGFBP6, IGF-I, PEDF, stem cell factor | |
| Adhesion molecules/proteases | Elevated | CA-125†, CA 19–9†, OPN†, TIMP-1†, CA 15–3, CA 72–4, cathepsin D, MMP-9, tenascin C |
| Decreased | VCAM-1†, MMP-2, MMP-3, NCAM | |
| Hormones | Elevated | ACTH, GH, GLP-1, prolactin, TSH |
| Decreased | Adiponectin, estrogen receptor-α, FSH, ghrelin, GIP, insulin, leptin, LH, osteocalcin, thrombopoietin | |
| Acute-phase reactants/coagulation factors | Elevated | α1-antitrypsin†, CRP†, EN-RAGE, ferritin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, HSA, PAI-1, protein S100-A12 (EN-RAGE), SAP, von Willebrand factor |
| Decreased | α2-macroglobulin†, ApoA1†, ApoCIII, ApoH, clusterin, complement C3, C4, factor VII, fetuin A, prealbumin† | |
| Apoptosis factors | Elevated | Cyfra 21–1 |
| Decreased | Fas, perforin | |
| Energy homeostasis | Elevated | AGRP |
| Decreased | Creatine kinase-MB | |
| Undefined or other functions | Elevated | Anti-TFF-3, FABP, HE4, NSE, NT-Pro-BNP |
| Decreased | None |