Table 3.
Association between borderline and abnormal spatial QRS|T angle and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
| QRS|T angle (range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| WOMEN | Normal (<90°) |
Borderline (90° to 120°) |
Abnormal (≥121°) |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 743 (20.6%) | 245 (25.9%) | 105 (39.1%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (0.99 – 1.44) | 1.65 (1.20 – 2.26) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.16 (0.94 – 1.43) | 1.30 (0.95 – 1.78) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 304 (7.9%) | 106 (9.3%) | 52 (20.2%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (0.80 – 1.56) | 2.10 (1.19 – 3.69) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.08 (0.74 – 1.58) | 1.82 (1.05 – 3.14) |
| QRS|T angle (range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MEN | Normal (<107°) |
Borderline (107° to 135°) |
Abnormal (≥136°) |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 814 (23.1%) | 265 (26.1%) | 112 (51.8%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.84 – 1.35) | 2.24 (1.57 – 3.19) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.74 – 1.27) | 1.87 (1.29 – 2.72) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 291 (7.9%) | 102 (9.5%) | 62 (24.1%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.13 (0.77 – 1.65) | 3.01 (2.10 – 4.31) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.69 – 1.58) | 2.21 (1.32 – 3.68) |
The cut-points for normal, borderline, and abnormal represent the 75th (90° to 120° and 107° to 135° for women and men, respective ly) and 95th percentiles (≥121° and ≥136° for women and men, respectively) of the spatia l QRS|T angle distribution of NHANES III after applying population weights. Multivariable adjustment includes age, race/ethnicity, sex, body mass index, physical inactivity, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, heart rate, diabetes, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol lowering medication use, C-reactive protein ≥ 3 mg/L, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and a history of stroke. Due to missing data 240 men (7.4%) and 314 women (9.0%) were excluded from multivariable analyses.