Table 4.
Association between spatial QRS|T angle using pre-specified levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
| QRS|T angle (range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| WOMEN | Normal (<105°) |
Borderline (105° to 134°) |
Abnormal (≥135°) |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 883 (21.4%) | 149 (26.4%) | 61 (56.1%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.13 (0.88 – 1.44) | 2.06 (1.53 – 2.76) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.84 – 1.38) | 1.46 (1.06 – 2.02) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | 364 (8.0%) | 69 (11.6%) | 29 (28.1%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.28 (0.80 – 2.05) | 2.57 (1.61 – 4.10) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.26 (0.79 – 2.02) | 2.05 (1.25 – 3.37) |
| QRS|T angle (range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MEN | Normal (<105°) |
Borderline (105° to 134°) |
Abnormal (≥135°) |
| All-cause mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | |||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 785 (23.1%) | 289 (25.7%) | 117 (50.7%) |
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (0.89 – 1.40) | 2.17 (1.57 – 3.00) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.75 – 1.28) | 1.78 (1.31 – 2.43) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||
| Number of deaths (%) | |||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 281 (8.0%) | 110 (8.9%) | 64 (23.7%) |
| Demographic adjusted | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (0.76 – 1.61) | 2.89 (2.04 – 4.10) |
| Multivariable adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.63 – 1.48) | 2.08 (1.26 – 3.46) |
Multivariable adjustment includes age, race/ethnicity, sex, body mass index, physical inactivity, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, heart rate, diabetes, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol lowering medication use, C-reactive protein ≥ 3 mg/L, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and a history of stroke. Due to missing data 240 men (7.4%) and 314 women (9.0%) were excluded from multivariable analyses.