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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2012 Jan 3;109(7):994–997. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.11.032

Table 2.

Incidence rate and hazard ratio (95% CI) of heart failure according to categories of height and standard deviation increase of height

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
Height categories
(range in meters)		 Heart
failure
cases		 Crude Incidence
rate
(cases/1000PY)		 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Q1 (1.40 – 1.73) 346 2.83 1.0 1.0 1.0
Q2 (1.74 – 1.78) 394 3.0 0.84 (0.72-0.97) 0.86 (0.74-0.99) 0.89 (0.77- 1.04)
Q3 (1.79 – 1.83) 431 2.93 0.77 (0.66-0.89) 0.82 (0.70-0.95) 0.86 (0.74 -1.01)
Q4 (1.84 – 2.08) 273 3.04 0.68 (0.57-0.82 0.76 (0.63-0.91) 0.83 (0.69 -1.00)
P Trend < 0.0001 0.0023 0.038
Height modeled as
a continuous
variable ** 		0.85 (0.80-0.91) 0.89 (0.84-0.95) 0.92 (0.86-0.98)

Abbreviations: CI - confidence interval, HR - hazard ratio, PY- person-year

Model 1: Adjusted for age and weight

Model 2: Adjusted for age, weight, Hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes mellitus (yes/no)

Model 3: Adjusted for age, weight, Hypertension (yes/no), and diabetes mellitus (yes/no), alcohol use, exercise and cigarette smoking.

**

HR per standard deviation increase of height (0.07 m)