Fig. 4.

Anti-inflammatory properties of SAMC. Expression levels of a TNF-α mRNA, b iNOS mRNA, c IL-1β mRNA, d IL-1β protein, e COX-2 mRNA, and f COX-2 protein were measured in mice liver after CCl₄ with or without pre-treatment of SAMC. GAPDH was used as internal controls for target gene’s mRNA expression. Data presented are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 8–10) and experimental groups marked by different letters represented significant differences between groups at p < 0.05 (Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunns post hoc test)