Table 5.
Means, linear regression analysis (β coefficient), and 95% confidence intervals for quintiles of processed food dietary pattern in predicting cardiovascular disease risk factors in women, 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (follow-up 2004–2005), n = 2040
| Processed food | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p-value | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Mean | 24 (23.6; .24.4) | 23.6 (23.1; 24) | 23.7 (23.2; 24.1) | 23.3 (22.9; 23.8) | 22.9 (22.3; 23.4) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | −.41 (−.99; .17) | −.31 (−.89; .28) | −.62 (−1.25; .01) | −1.11 (−1.79; −.43) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | −.08 (−.66; .49) | .17 (−.42; .76) | −.02 (−.67; .63) | −.32 (−1.06; .41) | 752d |
| WC (cm) | ||||||
| Mean | 76.8 (75.9; 77.7) | 75.8 (74.8;76.9) | 75.4 (74.4;76.5) | 75.1 (73.9;76.2) | 73.8 (72.5;75.1) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | −.95 (−2.33; .43) | −1.36 (−2.75; .02) | −1.74 (−3.24; −.23) | −2.99 (−4.62; −1.37) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | −.22 (−1.59; 1.14) | −.37 (−1.77; 1.02) | −.55 (−2.09; .99) | −1.85 (−3.60; −.11) | .068c |
| SBP (mm hg3) | ||||||
| Mean | 112.3 (111.2; 113.4) | 110 (108.8; 111.2) | 111.1 (109.9; 112.3) | 111.2 (109.8; 112.6) | 111.1 (109.5; 112.7) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | −2.3 (−3.92; −.68) | −1.15 (−2.79; .48) | −1.1 (−2.87; .68) | −1.17 (−3.09; .74) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | −2.11 (−3.68; −.53) | −1.12 (−2.74; .49) | −.63 (−2.41; 1.14) | −.06 (−2.08; 1.95) | .106d |
| DBP (mm hg3) | ||||||
| Mean | 72 (71; 72.9) | 70.3 (69.4; 71.3) | 71.7 (70.7; 72.7) | 71.5 (70.4; 72.7) | 71 (69.7; 72.3) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | −1.62 (−2.97; −.27) | −.29 (−1.65; 1.06) | −.45 (−1.92; 1.02) | −1 (−2.6; .59) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | −1.55 (−2.87; −.23) | −.29 (−1.64; 1.06) | .02 (−1.47; 1.51) | .31 (−1.38; 2.00) | 103d |
| LDL-c (mg/dL)b | ||||||
| Meana | 81.3 (78.2; 84.4) | 82.5 (79; 85.9) | 82.9 (79.3; 86.4) | 82.4 (78.4; 86.5) | 82.4 (77.7; 87) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | 1.16 (−3.48; 5.81) | 1.54 (−3.18; 6.26) | 1.22 (−3.96; 6.21) | 1.05 (−4.52; 6.63) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | .83 (−3.86; 5.52) | .83 (−4.03; 5.69) | .68 (−4.65; 6.01) | .41 (−5.67; 6.49) | 997d |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Meana | 58.4 (57.2; 59.6) | 60 (58.7; 61.3) | 59.7 (58.4; 61) | 60.2 (58.7; 61.7) | 59.2 (57.5; 60.9) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | 1.59 (−.17; 3.34) | 1.29 (−.48; 3.05) | 1.8 (−.12; 3.72) | .77 (−1.31; 2.85) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | .5 (−1.2; 2.19) | .01 (−1.73; 1.75) | .3 (−1.62; 2.21) | −.4 (−2.58; 1.78) | .933d |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Meana | 164.4 (160.5; 168.4) | 166.5 (162.1; 170.9) | 167.2 (162.6; 171.7) | 166.6 (161.5; 171.7) | 165.7 (159.8; 171.6) | |
| Crude (β) | Ref. | 2.05 (−3.88; 7.98) | 2.74 (−3.27; 8.76) | 2.18 (−4.3; 8.66) | 1.25 (−5.85; 8.35) | |
| Adjusted (β) | Ref. | .74 (−5.19; 6.66) | .49 (−5.64; 6.63) | .18 (−6.55; 6.91) | −.48 (−8.15; 7.20) | .998d |
Adjusted (β): multivariable models adjusted for family income, education, energy intake, and physical activity
aFor LDL and total cholesterol n = 1,202 women and for HDL cholesterol n = 1,867 women
bcalculated for subjects who had triglyceride concentrations ≤400 mg/dL (4.52 mmol/L) according to Friedwald’s equation
c p-value for linear trend in multivariable model
d p-value for heterogeneity test in multivariable model