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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 27.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2011;48(1):101–125. doi: 10.1007/s13524-010-0011-2

Table 2.

Two-Level Estimates of the Change in HOME Score after the Birth of a Younger Sibling, according to Intention Status of Younger Sibling’s Birth (standard errors in parentheses), n=2,317 subjects, 2,976 observations

1 2 3
Intention Status of Younger Sibling’s Birth
 Unintended (either unwanted or mistimed) a −13.36**
(5.08)
 Unwanted a −3.27
(7.42)
 Mistimed a −17.63***
(5.64)
Intention Status of Focal Child’s Own Birth
 Unintended (either unwanted or mistimed) a −8.15†
(5.57)
 Unwanted a −12.12
(10.53)
 Mistimed a −8.43†
(5.87)
Focal child’s HOME score before younger
sibling’s birth		 .37***
(.02)		 .37***
(.02)		 .37***
(.02)
Family Characteristics (before younger sibling’s
birth)
 Family income .10*
(.05)		 .09*
(.05)		 .09*
(.05)
 Home ownership 20.88***
(5.61)		 18.87***
(5.64)		 18.86***
(5.64)
 Mother living with spouse/partner 27.29***
(6.00)		 25.24***
(6.03)		 25.32***
(6.04)
 Mother living w/parents 9.45
(8.68)		 9.03
(8.67)		 8.98
(8.67)
 Number of mother’s children in household −6.81*
(3.04)		 −6.63*
(3.05)		 −6.82*
(3.05)
 Mother’s education 11.38***
(1.45)		 11.48***
(1.45)		 11.52***
(1.45)
 Mother’s Armed Forces Qualifying Test score
 (AFQT)		 3.88**
(1.36)		 3.93**
(1.36)		 4.03**
(1.36)
 Mother’s age at child’s birth 1.68†
(1.26)		 1.59†
(1.27)		 1.53†
(1.27)
 Race/ethnicity:
  Latinab −16.43*
(7.56)		 −16.58*
(7.55)		 −16.33*
(7.56)
  African-Americanb −48.82***
(7.90)		 −45.99***
(7.96)		 −46.02***
(7.98)
Region of residence:
  Northeastc 17.87**
(7.43)		 17.64**
(7.43)		 17.22*
(7.44)
  North Centralc 16.82**
(6.53)		 16.05**
(6.53)		 15.86**
(6.53)
  Westc 4.04
(7.10)		 3.68
(7.10)		 3.84
(7.11)
Focal child female 12.52**
(4.83)		 12.92**
(4.83)		 13.06**
(4.84)
Focal child’s birth order −14.28***
(3.75)		 −13.04***
(3.80)		 −13.21***
(3.81)
Characteristics of the focal child’s assessment
 Focal child’s age at assessment
  Spline 1: age 0-3 at assessment −3.10*
(1.48)		 −3.13*
(1.48)		 −3.22*
(1.48)
  Spline 2: age 3-6 at assessment 1.06***
(.29)		 1.06***
(.29)		 1.05***
(.29)
  Spline 3: age 6-10 at assessment .58*
(.26)		 .64**
(.26)		 .60*
(.26)
  Spline 4: age 10+ at assessment −.27
(.34)		 −.24
(.34)		 −.25
(.34)
 Temporal order −.54
(5.31)		 −.62
(5.31)		 −.29
(5.32)
 Total # assessments for this child −4.98*
(2.67)		 −4.83*
(2.67)		 −4.87*
(2.67)
 Wave −5.05*
(2.77)		 −5.59*
(2.78)		 −5.57*
(2.78)
Younger sibling same sex as focal child 5.38
(4.51)		 5.09
(4.50)		 4.87
(4.50)
Intercept 543.16 556.93 561.16
−2 Res Log Likelihood 37005.3 36984.9 36969.0

Notes:

H

p<.10;

*

p<.05;

**

p<.01;

***

p<.001;

one-tailed tests except where noted.

a

Reference group is intended.

b

Reference group is non-Hispanic whites (two-tailed tests).

c

Reference group is South (two-tailed tests).