Table 4.

Effect of Muscadine Grape Seed Supplementation on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Markers

	Placebo			MGS Supplementation			MGS vs Placebo
	Baseline	Follow-up		Baseline	Follow-up
Risk Marker	Mean (SEM)	Mean (SEM)	p Value*	Mean (SEM)	Mean (SEM)	p Value*	p Value**
SBP, mm Hg	124.6 (1.8)	123.2 (2.0)	0.48	122.4 (1.6)	125.2 (2.0)	0.10	0.09
DBP, mm Hg	75.3 (1.2)	72.8 (1.1)	0.02	72.8 (1.2)	73.2 (1.3)	0.79	0.07
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	190.4 (5.7)	189.5 (5.6)	0.82	191.6 (6.3)	191.54 (6.2)	0.98	0.86
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	111.0 (4.6)	104.7 (4.1)	0.02	111.0 (4.9)	109.4 (4.4)	0.53	0.13
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	46.3 (1.4)	47.0 (1.5)	0.43	45.9 (1.3)	45.6 (1.3)	0.67	0.36
Log triglycerides, mg/dL	5.02 (0.07)	5.07 (0.08)	0.13	5.03 (0.08)	5.04 (0.08)	0.97	0.29
Glucose, mg/dL	102.5 (2.0)	101.7 (2.3)	0.56	102.8 (2.3)	101.9 (3.1)	0.58	0.97
Log CRP, mg/dL	−1.49 (0.13)	−1.28 (0.12)	0.02	−1.54 (0.12)	−1.38 (0.12)	0.03	0.69
Log IL-6, pg/mL	−2.22 (0.15)	−2.00 (0.17)	0.23	−2.25 (0.15)	−2.03 (0.15)	0.82	0.99

^*Least squares means contrast from the mixed linear model.

^**Test of treatment effect in the mixed linear model.

SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL = interleukin.