TABLE 3.

Sample Characteristics According to MA Exposure

Characteristics	Exposed (n = 166)	Comparison (n = 164)	P
Maternal and demographic characteristics at birth
Race			.876
White	62 (37.4)	65 (39.6)
Hispanic	39 (23.5)	35 (21.3)
Pacific Islander	30 (18.1)	28 (17.1)
Asian	22 (13.3)	23 (14.0)
Black	7 (4.2)	10 (6.1)
American Indian	6 (3.6)	3 (1.8)
Low SES (Hollingshead V)	56 (33.7)	16 (9.8)	<.0001
Public insurance	151 (91.0)	141 (86.0)	.018
No partner	94 (56.6)	53 (32.3)	<.0001
Education <12 y	76 (45.8)	61 (37.2)	.124
Maternal age, y	25.6 ± 5.7	24.7 ± 5.7	.157
Prenatal alcohol use	59 (35.5)	23 (14.0)	<.001
Absolute alcohol/d (oz) across pregnancy	0.12 ± 0.52	<0.01 ± 0.02	.005
Prenatal marijuana use	53 (31.9)	7 (4.3)	<.001
Joints/d across pregnancy	0.07 ± 0.23	0.01 ± 0.10	.003
Prenatal tobacco use	134 (80.7)	45 (27.4)	<.001
Cigarettes/d across pregnancy	6.8 ± 8.2	1.6 ± 4.6	<.001
Neonatal characteristics
Male gender	87 (52.4)	83 (50.6)	.744
Birth weight, g	3178 ± 628	3285 ± 579	.110
Gestational age, wk	38.2 ± 2.4	39.0 ± 1.8	.001
Low birth weight	21 (12.7)	20 (12.2)	.999
Length, cm	49.7 ± 3.7	51.0 ± 3.1	.001
Head circumference, cm	33.6 ± 1.8	34.0 ± 1.9	.054
Postnatal characteristics
Caregiver change (by 5 y)	98 (59.0)	16 (9.8)	<.001
Any postnatal MA use (by 5 y)	38 (22.9)	5 (3.0)	<.001
Any postnatal tobacco use (by 5 y)	100 (60.2)	76 (46.3)	.011
Any postnatal alcohol use (by 5 y)	107 (64.5)	116 (70.7)	.217
Any postnatal marijuana use (by 5 y)	27 (16.3)	11 (6.7)	.009
Domestic violence (3 y)	7 (4.2)	6 (3.7)	.783
Average caregiver psychological symptoms (1 mo and 2 and 3 y)	0.47 ± 0.41	0.47 ± 0.42	.625
Quality of home (2.5 y)	34.0 ± 4.1	34.2 ± 3.9	.698
Reported child abuse (by 5 y)	12 (7.2)	5 (3.0)	.133

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.