Table 2.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) of Health Consequences of Joint Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking and Perceived Self-control Over Time (N = 479)
| Independent variable | Five or more diseases, AOR (95% CI) | Poor or very poor general health, AOR (95% CI) |
| At-risk group (HL) vs. low-risk group (LH)a | 4.81 (2.11–11.00)*** | 5.98 (2.47–14.46)*** |
| At-risk group (HL) vs. intermediate groups (LL, LM, and MM)b | 2.36 (1.18–4.70)* | 2.86 (1.42–5.77)** |
| Intermediate groups (LL, LM, and MM) vs. low-risk group (LH)a | 2.04 (1.09–3.82)** | 2.09 (1.02–4.28)* |
Note. HL = chronic cigarette smoking/low perceived self-control; LH = infrequent or non-cigarette smoking/high perceived self-control; LL = infrequent or non-cigarette smoking/low perceived self-control; LM = infrequent or non-cigarette smoking/moderate perceived self-control; and MM = chronic moderate cigarette smoking/moderate perceived self-control. Control variables consist of T2 age, T2 educational level, T1 problems resulting from alcohol and drug use, T2 marijuana use, T2 marital harmony, and T2 unconventionality.
The BPP of belonging to the HL group, the BPP of belonging to the LL, LM, or MM group, and the control variables were used as the independent variables. The BPP of belonging to the LH group was used as the reference distribution.
The BPP of belonging to the HL group, the BPP of belonging to the LH group, and the control variables were used as the independent variables. The BPP of belonging to the LL, LM, or MM group was used as the reference distribution.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001 (two-tailed tests).