Table 1. Classification of the genus Fraxinus and geographical distributions of species.
| Section | Species | Synonyms used in this study | Distribution |
| Ornus | ornus L. | Mediterranean area, N Africa and SW Asia | |
| apertisquamifera Hara | Japan | ||
| bungeana DC | China | ||
| floribunda Wall. | retusa Champ. ex Benth.var. henryana | C & E Asia (from Afghanistan to Japan) | |
| griffithii G. B. Clarke | E Asia (from NE India to Japan and Indonesia) | ||
| lanuginosa Koidz. var. lanuginosa and var. serrata (Nakai) Hara | Japan | ||
| malacophylla Hemsl. | China, Thailand | ||
| paxiana Lingelsh. | sikkimensis (Lingelsh.) Handel-Mazzetti | Himalayas, China | |
| raibocarpa Regel | C Asia (Turkestan mountains, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan) | ||
| sieboldiana Blume | mariesii Hook. f. | China, Japan, Korea | |
| trifoliolata W. W. Smith | China | ||
| baroniana Diels | China | ||
| chinensis Roxb. | China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam | ||
| longicuspis Sieb. & Zucc. | Japan | ||
| micrantha Lingelsh. | C Asia (Punjab to Nepal, Himalayas) | ||
| Dipetalae | anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. | SW USA, N Mexico | |
| dipetala Hook. et Arn. | trifoliata (Torr.) Lewis & Epling | SW USA, N Mexico (Baja California) | |
| quadrangulata Michx. | E & C USA, C Canada | ||
| Fraxinus | angustifolia Vahl. ssp. angustifolia | monophylla Desf. | SW Europe |
| angustifolia Vahl. ssp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso | oxycarpa Willd., pallisiae A. J. Willmott, obliqua Tausch | SE Europe | |
| angustifolia Vahl. ssp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt. | potamophila Herder, holotricha Koehne, sogdiana Bunge, syriaca Boiss. | W & E Asia (Turkey to Pakistan and Russia) and Algeria | |
| excelsior L. | turkestanica Carrière | C & N Europe | |
| mandshurica Rupr. | E Asia (China, Japan, Korea, E Russia) | ||
| nigra Marsh. | E USA, E Canada | ||
| platypoda Oliv. | E Asia | ||
| Melioides | americana L. | biltmoreana Beadle | E USA, E Canada |
| berlandieriana A. DC. | SW USA, NE Mexico | ||
| caroliniana Mill. | SE USA | ||
| latifolia Benth. | W USA | ||
| papillosa Lingelsh. | SW USA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico, Texas), Mexico (W Chihuahua, NE Sonora) | ||
| pennsylvanica Marsh. | richardii Bosc | C & E USA, Canada | |
| profunda (Bush) Bush | tomentosa Michx. f. | E USA | |
| texensis A. Gray | S USA (Texas) | ||
| uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh. | Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA (Hawaii, Puerto Rico) | ||
| velutina Torr | SW USA, N Mexico | ||
| incertae sedis | cuspidata Torr. | SW USA, Mexico | |
| chiisanensis Nakai | Korea | ||
| spaethiana Lingelsh. | Japan |
Asterisk indicates synonyms as tagged in the arboreta. Adapted from Wallander [13].