Table 3.
Association of Auditory Hallucinations with Other Symptoms.
| Total N=569 | AH (n=323) | NAH (n=246) | Statistical Comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychotic Symptoms | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities | ||||
| Visual hallucinations | 109 (33.7%) | 39 (15.9%) | χ2 = 23.230 | p = 1.437 × 10−6 |
| Tactile hallucinations | 92 (28.5%) | 28 (11.4%) | χ2 = 24.539 | p = 7.282 × 10−7 |
| Gustatory hallucinations | 10 (3.1%) | 4 (1.6%) | χ2 = 1.257 | p = 0.262 |
| Olfactory hallucinations | 51 (15.8%) | 15 (6.1%) | χ2 = 12.793 | p = 3.480 × 10−4 |
|
| ||||
| First-Rank Symptoms | ||||
| Delusions of control | 94 (29.1%) | 40 (16.3%) | χ2 = 12.792 | p = 3.482 × 10−4 |
| Thought insertion | 79 (24.5%) | 35 (14.2%) | χ2 = 9.123 | p = 0.003 |
| Thought withdrawal | 25 (7.7%) | 10 (4.1%) | χ2 = 3.267 | p = 0.071 |
| Thought broadcasting | 118 (36.5%) | 53 (21.5%) | χ2 = 14.923 | p = 1.120 × 10−4 |
|
| ||||
| Other Psychotic Symptoms | ||||
| Persecutory delusions | 211 (65.3%) | 144 (58.5%) | χ2 = 2.743 | p = 0.098 |
| Delusions of reference | 243 (75.2%) | 168 (68.3%) | χ2 = 3.353 | p = 0.067 |
| Bizarre content | 47 (14.6%) | 19 (7.7%) | χ2 = 6.348 | p = 0.012 |
| Disorganized behavior | 44 (13.6%) | 29 (11.8%) | χ2 = 0.420 | p = 0.517 |
| Disorganized speech | 63 (19.5%) | 34 (13.8%) | χ2 = 3.190 | p = 0.074 |
|
| ||||
| Mood Symptoms | ||||
|
| ||||
| YMRS | 16.0 ± 11.7 | 22.0 ± 14.0 | t = 5.54 | p = 4.5 × 10−6 |
| MADRS | 15.9 ± 10.4 | 14.5 ± 9.4 | t = −1.55 | p = 0.122 |