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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Behav. 2012 Jan 21;106(2):87–94. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.01.010

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Evidence that failing to attract a female has negative valence in spring condition males. A) Scatterplot showing a correlation between the number of times a female landed on an individual male’s nest box and CPP in male starlings. Y-axis represents the number of times a female landed on a male’s nest box during the 30 min prior to conditioning. The X- axis represents the proportion of time males spent on the conditioned side of the apparatus the following day. B) Bar graph showing the mean proportion of time spent on the conditioned side of the CPP apparatus for spring condition males that failed to attract (open bar) or successfully attracted (filled bars) a female to a nest box. Each point represents data from a single male. * = p < 0.05.