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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2012 Feb 8;8(5):1685–1692. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.036

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cytoprotective activity of soluble PA nanofibers. The viability of RINm5f cells in monolayer culture was assayed either untreated (a), with inflammatory cytokines (5ng/mL IL-1β, 10ng/mL TNF-α, and 25ng/mL IFN-γ) alone (b), with cytokines and GLP-1-mimetic PA (c), or with cytokines and exendin-4 or cytokines and control PA by staining with 2µM ethidium homodimer-1 (red) to visualize dead cells and with 4µM calcein AM (green) to visualize live cells. The proportion of dead cells is significantly increased in the presence of cytokines but is returned to the baseline value with GLP-1-mimetic PA or exendin-4 (e; error bars: 95%CI; ** p<0.01 vs. no treatment). Please reproduce in color on the web and in print.