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. 2012 Mar 14;61(4):897–907. doi: 10.2337/db11-0402

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© 2012 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 4. — CCK-8S ameliorates urinary albumin excretion and inhibits macrophage infiltration in glomeruli. A: Time course of urinary albumin excretion (UAE). The UAE of untreated diabetic rats (DM; ○) was increased progressively compared with that in nondiabetic rats (NDM; △), whereas it was suppressed in CCK-8S–treated diabetic rats (DM-CCK; ●) at week 8 (n = 7/group). Values are the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. NDM; ***P < 0.001 vs. NDM; ††P < 0.01 vs. DM-CCK. B: There was no difference in the amount of food intake between DM (○) and DM-CCK (●). ***P < 0.001 vs. DM and DM-CCK. Values are the means ± SEM. C: PAM staining of the kidney at 8 weeks. D: Glomerular hypertrophy was observed in both diabetic groups as compared with nondiabetic rats. Values are the means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. E: Mesangial matrix index was ameliorated in CCK-8S–treated diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. Values are the means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. Fifteen randomly selected glomeruli per rat were examined (n = 5/group). F: Expression of type IV collagen in kidney tissue. G: Type IV collagen-positive area in glomeruli (folds versus NDM). Type IV collagen was significantly increased in the DM compared with the DM-CCK group. Fifteen randomly selected glomeruli per rat were examined (n = 4/group). Values are the means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. H: Macrophage infiltration into glomeruli at 8 weeks. Arrowheads indicate macrophages. I: The average number of intraglomerular macrophages. Macrophage infiltration into glomeruli was remarkable in the DM, whereas it was minimal in the DM-CCK group. Twenty randomly selected glomeruli per rat were examined (n = 4/group). Values are the means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. J: Expression of WT-1 in glomeruli. K: The average number of WT-1–positive cells in glomeruli. Podocyte loss was inhibited in CCK-8S–treated diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats. Twenty randomly selected glomeruli per rat were examined (n = 4/group). Values are the means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. Scale bars, 50 μm. (A high-quality digital representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)