Table 2. Outcomes by procedure. Mean percentage of patients ± standard deviation (number of studies, number of patients).

	Fat Injection	Furlow or IVP	PF	Honig	SP or Hynes	All
Normal resonance	11±24 (2, 9)	18±19 (2, 33)	62±79 (11, 175)	48±100 (3, 86)	44±108 (8, 68)	50±98 (26, 371)
Normal nasal emissions	33±141 (2, 9)	36±0 (1, 14)	50±124 (5, 118)	51±37 (3, 43)	47±35 (5, 38)	48±79 (16, 222)
Understandable	67±71 (2, 9)	- (0, 0)	89±102 (2, 27)	88±73 (2, 50)	25±50 (2, 4)	83±77 (8, 90)
Hyponasal	0±0 (1, 3)	7±0 (1, 14)	4±35 (8, 143)	2±19 (2, 42)	6±30 (9, 100)	5±29 (21, 302)
OSA	0±0 (2, 9)	0±0 (4, 45)	1±6 (11, 181)	0±0 (2, 69)	2±8 (9, 108)	1±6 (28, 412)
Needing further surgery	33±0 (2, 9)	50±154 (6, 54)	7±66 (10, 142)	15±31 (3, 86)	13±34 (9, 94)	17±92 (30, 385)

IVP: intravelar veloplasty; PF: pharyngeal flap; SP: sphincter pharyngoplasty.