Table 1. Clinical findings.
| StudyCountry | Present studyFinland | Dauvilliers et al. 201034Canada, France, Switzerland, UK | Aran et al. 201040Italy, Israel, USA | Nevsimalova et al. 201141Czech | Han et al. 200142North China |
| Number of subjects | 50 | 6§ | 51 | 30 | 29 |
| Period of diagnoses (yr) | 1 | <1 | 2 | 10 | 1 |
| Proportion of females | 28/50 (56%) | N/A | 22/51 (43%) | 18/30 (60%) | 8/29 (28%) |
| Had Pandemrix or Arepanrix | 50/50 (100%) | 6/6 (100%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age of onset (yr), mean (SD) | 11.0 (3.0) | Not given | 10.3 (3.57) | 14.0 (3.0)*** | 9.2 (2.0) |
| Age at onset (yr) of cataplexy, mean (SD) | 11.4 (2.8) | Not given | Not given | Not given | 9.2 (2.0) |
| Days from vaccination to onset, mean (SD); median; 95% confidence interval (days) | 53.8 (47.1); 38; 40 to 67 | Not given | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age (yr) at diagnosis, mean (SD) | 11.6 (3.1) | 11.4 (4.6) | 11.8 (3.57) | 15.6 (3.1)*** | 10.7 (3.1) |
| Time (yr) from onset to diagnosis | 0.1 to 0.9 , mean 0.7 (SEM 0.03); 45 to 345 days | <1 | Mean 1.5 (SEM 0.3) | Not given | 1–2 |
| Cataplexy | 47/50 (94%) | 6/6 (100%) | 51/51 (100%) | 18/30 (60%)** | 29/29 (100%) |
| Time (wk) from vaccination to cataplexy, mean (SD); median; range | 13.7 (10.6); 11; 0 to 51 | 6.5 (4.5)*; 4.5;3 to 15 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Months from onset of EDS to onset of cataplexy, median; range | 0;8; 0 to 10 In 70%≤2 (N = 47) | −9 to 2 | In 82%≤2 | Not given | Cataplexy present atonset in all? |
| Hypnagogic hallucinations | 26/49 (53.1%) | Not given | 33/50 (66%) | 15/30 (50%) | 17/29 (59%) |
| Behavioral problems | 24/50 (48%) | Not given | 26/39 (66%) | 10/30 (33.3%) | 27/29 (93%)*** |
| Sleep paralysis | 9/49 (18.4%) | Not given | 28/51 (55%)*** | 12/30 (40%)** | 12/29 (41%) |
| Disturbed nocturnal sleep | 44/50 (88%) | Not given | 47/51 (92%) | Not given | Not given |
| Rapid weight gain in the beginning # | 26/41 (63.4%) # | “frequent” | 32/38 (84%)# | “frequent” | Not given |
| BMI in kgm−2, mean (SD) | 19.6 (4.1); (N = 42) | Not given | 25.2 (1.2)**; (N = 40) | 22.7 (7.2)*; (N = 30) | 20.4 (4.2); (N = 29) |
| Sleep latency (min) in MSLT, mean (SD) | 1.8 (1.4) | Not given | 2.5 (2.5) | 4.0 (3.1)*** | 2.0 (1.3) |
| SOREMPS | 3.8 (0.9) | Not given | Not given | 3.2 (1.4)* | 4.2 (0.9)* |
| Short SL and ≥2 SOREMPs in MSLT | 100% (N = 50) | Not given | 92% (N = 39) | 90% (N = 30) | 96.5% (N = 29) |
| CSF-hypocretin-1 | Mean (SD) 8.6 (20.2); (N = 13)Median (range) 0 (0–69) | Not given | Mean (SD) 4.5 (7.9); (N = 13) | <110 pg/ml ; (N = 6) | Not given |
This table contains information of only those 6 subjects who were aged≤17 years at diagnosis. The other 10 of the 16 subjects reported by Dauvilliers et al.201034 were older. They were not included to enable comparisons.
We defined weight gain as an increase of body mass index (BMI) >5%. Aran et al40 defined it as >4 kg weight gain. NC: narcolepsy and cataplexy; NwC: narcolepsy without cataplexy. N/A: Not applicable; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of mean. Statistically significant differences between our study and other studies are marked as.
for P<0.001,
for P<0.01 and,
for P<0.05. The numbers (N = ) in parenthesis refer to number of subjects with data.
Comparison of the present study and published studies from literature for children aged≤17 years.