Table 1.

Medical problems associated with XXYY, XXXY and XXXXY syndromes^*

Hypotonia in childhood

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

Dental problems

Asthma/Reactive airway disease

Food/Environmental allergies

Cardiac malformations

Intention and postural tremor

Radioulnar synostosis/Congenital elbow dislocation

Congenital hip dysplasia

Pes planus/Flat feet

Clubfoot

Inguinal hernia/Undescended testicles

Deep vein thrombosis/Pulmonary embolism

Hypothyroidism

Type II diabetes

Scoliosis

Seizure disorder

Strabismus

Recurrent otitis with tympanostomy tubes

Gastroesophageal reflux

Constipation

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Osteoporosis

^*Males with XXYY, XXXY and XXXXY are at increased risk for items on this list. Not all patients have all of these findings.