Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of women in the nested case control study of ischemic stroke
| Estrogen Trial | Estrogen + Progestin Trial | P-Value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (N=297) | Ischemic Stroke (N=239) | Control (N=268) | Ischemic Stroke (N=216) | ||||||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.22 | ||||||||
| White | 229 | 77.1 | 176 | 73.6 | 232 | 86.6 | 180 | 83.3 | |
| Black | 45 | 15.2 | 49 | 20.5 | 18 | 6.7 | 19 | 8.8 | |
| Other/Unspecified | 23 | 7.7 | 14 | 5.9 | 18 | 6.7 | 17 | 7.9 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Smoking status | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Never | 151 | 51.5 | 116 | 49.4 | 152 | 57.6 | 96 | 44.7 | |
| Past | 119 | 40.6 | 93 | 39.6 | 91 | 34.5 | 87 | 40.5 | |
| Current | 23 | 7.8 | 26 | 11.1 | 21 | 8.0 | 32 | 14.9 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Alcohol use | 0.003 | ||||||||
| Non drinker | 134 | 45.3 | 150 | 62.8 | 115 | 43.2 | 100 | 46.5 | |
| ≤ 1 drink/day | 120 | 40.5 | 68 | 28.5 | 113 | 42.5 | 91 | 42.3 | |
| >1 drink/day | 42 | 14.2 | 21 | 8.8 | 38 | 14.3 | 24 | 11.2 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Total expenditure from physical activity (MET-hrs/wk) | 0.01 | ||||||||
| Inactive (0) | 43 | 16.3 | 61 | 28.2 | 43 | 18.0 | 42 | 22.0 | |
| <5 | 69 | 26.1 | 59 | 27.3 | 56 | 23.4 | 44 | 23.0 | |
| 5-<12 | 62 | 23.5 | 34 | 15.7 | 48 | 20.1 | 47 | 24.6 | |
| ≥12 | 90 | 34.1 | 62 | 28.7 | 92 | 38.5 | 58 | 30.4 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Treated diabetes | 21 | 7.1 | 35 | 14.6 | 7 | 2.6 | 25 | 11.6 | <0.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| History of hypertension | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Never hypertensive | 149 | 56.4 | 61 | 29.3 | 159 | 66.3 | 98 | 52.7 | |
| Untreated hypertensive | 23 | 8.7 | 36 | 17.3 | 19 | 7.9 | 23 | 12.4 | |
| Treated hypertensive | 92 | 34.8 | 111 | 53.4 | 62 | 25.8 | 65 | 34.9 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Treated for high cholesterol | 50 | 19.2 | 36 | 17.1 | 34 | 14.5 | 38 | 20.7 | 0.49 |
|
| |||||||||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG | 22 | 7.6 | 36 | 15.1 | 11 | 4.2 | 19 | 8.9 | <0.001 |
|
| |||||||||
| Aspirin use | 79 | 26.6 | 62 | 25.9 | 60 | 22.4 | 51 | 23.6 | 0.96 |
|
| |||||||||
| Statin use | 27 | 9.1 | 17 | 7.1 | 15 | 5.6 | 18 | 8.3 | 0.86 |
|
| |||||||||
| History of CVD† | 47 | 16.3 | 64 | 27.6 | 34 | 12.8 | 31 | 14.8 | 0.005 |
| Estrogen Trial | Estrogen + Progestin Trial | P-Value* | |||||||||||
| Control | Ischemic Stroke | Control | Ischemic Stroke | ||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | ||
|
| |||||||||||||
| Age at screening | 297 | 67.3 | 6.5 | 239 | 67.3 | 6.4 | 268 | 67.4 | 6.7 | 216 | 67.6 | 6.6 | 0.73 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 297 | 28.8 | 5.8 | 238 | 30.1 | 5.5 | 266 | 28.0 | 5.6 | 213 | 28.2 | 5.0 | 0.02 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Waist/hip ratio | 295 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 237 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 266 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 216 | 0.8 | 0.1 | <0.001 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 297 | 132.8 | 17.0 | 239 | 139.8 | 18.9 | 268 | 129.2 | 16.5 | 216 | 137.0 | 18.7 | <0.001 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 297 | 76.3 | 9.3 | 239 | 77.8 | 9.2 | 268 | 74.4 | 9.0 | 216 | 76.4 | 10.3 | 0.002 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Total TFPI (ng/mL) | 288 | 86.2 | 19.2 | 224 | 87.8 | 20.3 | 250 | 87.7 | 20.1 | 184 | 89.0 | 21.0 | 0.35 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Free TFPI (ng/mL) | 288 | 18.6 | 12.3 | 224 | 21.2 | 12.8 | 250 | 18.1 | 11.0 | 184 | 19.0 | 11.6 | 0.002 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| TFPI Activity (%) | 288 | 111.0 | 24.4 | 223 | 110.2 | 27.7 | 250 | 114.1 | 26.0 | 184 | 117.4 | 28.7 | 0.86 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| nAPCsr (ratio) | 236 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 181 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 218 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 167 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.11 |
†
MI, PCI, CABG, CHF, angina, stroke, or atrial fibrillation
*
The p values quantify the marginal association of each baseline characteristic and biomarker with ischemic stroke and are obtained from logistic regression models in combined trials adjusted for treatment assignment (CEE, CEE placebo, CEE+MPA, CEE+MPA placebo) using a 1-df test for association except for the categorical values ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and history of hypertension.