Table 1.

Results of logistic regression of education on twenty-six symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Symptom	Wald	P-value	OR
Low appetite	9.36	0.002	0.87
Weight loss	0.38	0.537	0.98
Increased appetite	0.76	0.383	0.95
Weight gain	0.22	0.64	0.97
Insomnia	4.55	0.033	0.87
Hypersomnia	5.59	0.018	1.12
Slow speech or movement	6.93	0.008	0.90
Agitation	40.09	< 0.001*	0.78
Lack of energy	8.31	0.004	0.82
Worthless	8.21	0.004	0.88
Guilty	5.25	0.022	0.92
Distracted	1.22	0.27	1.06
Slowed thoughts	4.20	0.04	0.90
Hesitation	8.01	0.005	0.88
Thoughts of death	13.70	< 0.001*	0.86
Suicidal idea	20.06	< 0.001*	0.85
Suicidal plan	5.34	0.021	0.92
Lack of interest	27.03	< 0.001*	1.20
Unhappiness	6.61	0.01	0.88
Irritability	29.44	< 0.001*	0.80
Hopeless	5.19	0.023	0.90
Crying	0.02	0.896	1.00
Helpless	0.76	0.384	1.05
Nervous, jittery or anxious	2.29	0.13	1.10
Diurnal mood variation	1.33	0.248	0.96
Early waking	12.87	< 0.001*	0.83

The odds ratio (OR) shows the per year effect of education (so that an OR less than one indicates a reduced effect for those with higher educational status). In the P-value column an * indicates those results that are significant after applying a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.