Table 2.

A summary of the clinical and genetic studies on the associations of lipocalin-2 levels with obesity, metabolic disease and CVDs

Clinical evidence – medical complications with increased serum lipocalin-2 levels	References
Obesity, inflammation and metabolic syndrome	Wang et al., (2007), Tso et al., (2008), Auguet et al., (2011), Corripio et al., (2010), Cakal et al., (2011), Panidis et al., (2010), Wallenius et al., (2011), Stepan et al., (2010), Moreno-Navarrete et al., (2010)
Atherosclerosis and hypertension	Forsblad et al., (2002), Hemdahl et al., (2006), Anwaar et al., (1998a), Elneihoum et al., (1997), Giaginis et al., (2010), Kasahara et al., (2009)
CAD and CHD	Bolignano et al., (2009a), Tuladhar et al., (2009), Yndestad et al., (2009), Zografos et al., (2009), Sahinarslan et al., (2011), Choi et al., (2008), Lee et al., (2010)
Cardio-renal syndrome	Bachorzewska-Gajewska et al., (2006), Poniatowski et al., (2009), Ling et al., (2008), Bennett et al., (2008), Bolignano et al., (2010); Capuano et al., (2009), McIlroy et al., (2011), Aghel et al., (2010), Comnick and Ishani (2011), Mishra et al., (2005)
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease	Nguyen and Devarajan (2008), Zappitelli et al., (2007), Mitsnefes et al., (2007), Nickolas et al., (2008), Yang et al., (2009), Bolignano et al., (2009b), Di Grande et al., (2009), Haase et al., (2009), Kronenberg, (2009), Rauen et al., (2011), Haase et al., (2011)
Acute cerebral ischaemia	Anwaar et al., (1998b), Elneihoum et al., (1996), Falke et al., (2000)

Clinical evidence – increased local tissue expression	References
Adipose tissue of obese subjects	Auguet et al., (2011), Catalán et al., (2009), Fain et al., (2010)
Atherosclerotic plaque, myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm	Paulsson et al., (2007), Leclercq et al., (2007), Folkesson et al., (2007), Hemdahl et al., (2006), Te Boekhorst et al., (2011), Yndestad et al., (2009)
Renal epithelial injury	Schmidt-Ott et al., (2006)