TABLE 2.

Biphasic dose response studies of LLLT in vivo (animal models).

Year	Tissue	Laser characteristics	Fluence	Irradiance	Reference
1979	wound closure	He-Ne laser4 J/cm2		Wound healing best at 45 mW/cm2; least at 12.4 mW/cm2	Ginsbach 1979
2001	Induced heart attacks in rats	810 nm laser; 2.5 to 20mW/cm2 ;		Reductions of infarct size maximum at 5mW/cm2 Lower effects both at 2.5mW/cm2 and 20mW/cm2	Oron et al. 2001
2005	Mouse pleurisy induced by Carrageenan	650nm laser; 2.5 mW in 0.08 cm2; 3 J/cm2, 7.5 J/cm2, and 15 J/cm2	Inflammatory cell migration reduction most at 7.5 J/cm2; Less at 3 and 15 J/cm2		Lopes-Martins et al. 2005
2007	Healing of pressure ulcers in mice	670nm LED; 5 J/cm2 at 0.7, 2, 8 or 40mW/cm2		Healing significant improved only at 8mW/cm2;Less at 0.7, 2, and 40 mW/cm2	Lanzafame et al. 2007
2007	Full thickness dorsal excisional wound in BALB/c mice	a single exposure from 635, 670, 720 or 820nm filtered lamp; 1, 2, 10 and 50 J/cm2; 100 mW/cm2 10, 20, 100 and 500 seconds	Healing effect best at 2 J/cm2 for 635nm light; worse at 50 J/cm2 for most wavelengths compared to no treatment	820nm was the best wavelength	Demidova-Rice et al. 2007
2007	Inflammatory arthritis induced by zymosan in rats	810-nm laser; 3 and 30 J/cm2; 5 mW/cm2 and 50 mW/cm2	30 J/cm2 was better than 3 J/cm2 at 50mW/cm2	3 J/cm2 has effective at 5mW/cm2 but not 50mW/cm2	Castano et al. 2007