Table 5.
Phase | Stressor-Based Approach | Effects-Based Approach |
---|---|---|
Step 1 | - develop conceptual model describing stressors and ways they cause effects - identify receptors and end points affected by stressors individually and in combination - establish common denominators for evaluation by identifying common receptors and end points |
- develop conceptual model describing important stressors and the ways they cause critical effects - establish common denominators for evaluation by identifying common receptors and end points |
Step 2 | - screen stressors of interest to determine which need to be included in the assessment and which may act in combination | - screen potential stressors to identify an appropriate and manageable number to characterize the problem adequately |
Step 3 | - appraise individual effects of stressors along with combinations of other stressors as part of the conceptual model - determine how the combined effects of multiple stressors affect end point - incorporate psychosocial stressors by characterizing the environmental and cultural and socioeconomic attributes of exposed groups |
- appraise the individual effects of individual stressors to determine whether one or a few stressors are predominant |
Step 4 | - assess the combined effect of stressors, taking into account potential interactions among the stressors and effects | - assess the combined effects of stressors without considering the potential for interactions |
Step 5 | - not applicable | - gauge the combined effect of stressors, taking into account potential interactions among the stressors and effects |