Figure 1. Chemical characterization of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLNs.

(A) Design of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN. Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN was Φ = 30, 50, and 100 nm. (B) Paramagnetism of the Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN from SQUID test. (C) Cytotoxicity of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLNs in MS-1 cells. The cytotoxicity of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN was investigated by MTT assay. Serially diluted cell lysis buffer (RIPA) was used as a positive control. (D) Size-distribution of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLNs from DLS analysis. (E) In vitro stability of Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN-50, Gd-C₅F₁₂-PLN −100 and SonoVue was calculated from its echogenesity using high-frequency ultrasound.