Table 1.
Sample characteristics (n = 138)
| Characteristic | Cognitive function on total battery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) or mean (±SD) | Not impaired* (n=118, 85.5%) | Impaired (n=20, 14.5%) | p** | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 47.8 (±12.5) | 47.7 (12.5) | 48.6 (13.0) | .76 |
| Race, white, % (n) | 65.9 (91) | 71.2 (84) | 35.0 (7) | .004 |
| Low education†, % (n) | 13.0 (18) | 11.0 (13) | 25.0 (5) | .14 |
| Health-related | ||||
| Duration of SLE, years, mean (SD) | 15.6 (±9.1) | 15.5 (8.7) | 15.0 (11.4) | .86 |
| SLAQ score§, mean (SD) | 12.6 (±7.5) | 12.1 (7.2) | 15.4 (8.6) | .07 |
| Current glucocorticoid use | ||||
| None | 62.3 (86) | 61.9 (73) | 65.0 (13) | .47 |
| 1–4.5 mg/day | 5.1 (7) | 4.2 (5) | 10.0 (2) | |
| 5–9 mg/day | 20.3 (28) | 22.0 (26) | 10.0 (2) | |
| ≥10 mg/day | 12.3 (17) | 11.9 (14) | 15.0 (3) | |
| Major depressive disorder, % (n) | 19.7 (27) | 18.6 (22) | 26.3 (5) | .53 |
| Framingham Risk Score, mean (SD) | 7.8 (5.6) | 6.8 (6.6) | 8.6 (8.1) | .27 |
| History of stroke, % (n) | 6.5 (9) | 5.1 (6) | 15.0 (3) | .53 |
| History other neurological disorder, % (n) | 52.2 (72) | 51.7 (61) | 55.0 (11) | .81 |
*
Based on total battery
**
p-value from t-tests/chi-square analyses comparing impaired vs. not impaired.
†
Low education = fewer than 12 years of education
§
SLAQ = Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (49, 50). Possible score range 0–44; higher scores reflect greater disease activity.
¶
At least 1.5 SD below the mean on 1/3 of measures completed