Table 1.

Incidence of adverse events following surveillance biopsies in adult and pediatric kidney transplant recipients [17, 20–25]

	Incidence (%)
Adverse event	Adult kidney transplant recipients	Pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Macroscopic hematuria	2.8-3.1	2.7-8.8
Perinephric hematoma*	3.3	13.4
Arteriovenous fistula*	9.0	1.3
Bowel perforation	0.04	0
Vasovagal reaction	0.8	0
Allograft loss	0.04-0.3	0
Death	0	0

*May be under-reported